Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 50
Filter
1.
J. vasc. bras ; 22: e20230067, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448588

ABSTRACT

Abstract Venous thromboembolism is a complex multifactorial disease considered the most common cause of preventable deaths in hospitalized patients. Recommendations about pharmacological venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in adult hospitalized patients are available in clinical practice guidelines for optimization of healthcare delivery and improvement of patient outcomes. We conducted a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines using ADAPTE to synthesize recommendations for pharmacological prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients at a medium complexity university hospital. Recommendations for pharmacological prophylaxis were extracted from seven clinical practice guidelines considered of high quality after assessment with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. These recommendations will support discussion with specialists and implementation of practices in the setting of the hospital studied.


Resumo O tromboembolismo venoso é uma doença multifatorial complexa, considerada uma causa comum de óbitos evitáveis em pacientes hospitalizados. Recomendações sobre profilaxia farmacológica de tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes adultos hospitalizados estão disponíveis em diretrizes clínicas para otimizar os cuidados à saúde e contribuir com a melhora do desfecho do paciente. Dessa forma, foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática de diretrizes clínicas utilizando a metodologia ADAPTE para sintetizar as recomendações para profilaxia farmacológica de tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes clínicos adultos hospitalizados em um hospital universitário de média complexidade. As recomendações para profilaxia farmacológica foram extraídas de sete diretrizes clínicas consideradas de alta qualidade após avaliação pelo Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II). Essas recomendações servirão de apoio para discussão com especialistas e implementação de práticas dentro do contexto do hospital estudado.

2.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e201198, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420388

ABSTRACT

Abstract Clinical pharmacists have been increasing their participation mainly through actions aimed at patient care, with international studies demonstrating favorable cost-benefit ratio from pharmacists interventions. However, there are few studies carried out in Brazil about the subject. This study aims to assess the economic impact of pharmaceutical interventions (PIs) in a hospital setting performed in October 2018. Each performed PI was registered and associated with the direct cost of drugs for economic impact analysis. A total of 185 PIs were evaluated, comprising 106 patients. The most intervened drugs were antibiotics, presenting the greatest economic impact, R$2,370. The total economic impact was R$2,578, mainly in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit that represented R$1,701. Regarding the economic impact by PI as the "Suspension of drug without indication" saved R$1,360 while the "Inclusion of required drugs" cost R$807. It was estimated that the savings would be R$30,936 and, if PIs were performed at day zero, the savings would be R$79,728 per year. An average of 1.75 PI per patient was performed with an economic impact of R$14 per PI. Our results showed that clinical pharmacist's role in the evaluation of pharmacotherapy is important for patients' health and represents a positive economic impact.

3.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e20155, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420423

ABSTRACT

Abstract Safety culture is a product of values, attitudes, skills, and behavioral patterns, and it determines the commitment of the management to a secure organization. The evaluation of safety culture in hospitals helps to identify and manage the relevant patient safety issues in hospital routines and working conditions proactively. Thus, this study is aimed to evaluate patient safety culture in all the departments of a university hospital of medium complexity. This study employed a cross-sectional and analytical design employed in the Portuguese version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. A sample of all hospital staff participated in this study, which was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017. The percentage of positive responses was calculated to identify the strong and weak areas in patient safety. Of the 413 questionnaires distributed, 368 valid responses were returned. The response rate was, therefore, 89%. The overall percentage of positive responses was 50.3%. The "Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety" dimension obtained the highest percentage of positive responses (67.1%). The "Nonpunitive response to error" dimension was considered the weakest for safety culture, with only 22.9% positive responses. Furthermore, most professionals (70.6%) did not report any events in the previous 12 months. Nevertheless, 69.5% of participants considered patient safety within their unit/work area as "very good" or "great." The results showed that the employees' perception of patient safety diverged from the reality within the institution. Therefore, efforts should be made to promote an acceptable safety culture in all hospital areas.

4.
Rev. odontol. UNESP (Online) ; 49: e20200062, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | BBO, LILACS | ID: biblio-1144880

ABSTRACT

Resumo Introdução Pessoas com Deficiência (PcD) são aquelas que possuem alteração física, intelectual, social ou emocional. Podem ter impedimentos que duram um curto período de tempo ou por toda sua vida. Objetivo Descrever o perfil clínico dos pacientes com deficiência internados no Instituto de Saúde da Criança do Amazonas (ICAM). Material e método Foram analisados 34 pacientes e coletados dados, como gênero, faixa etária, procedência, patologia de base e condição de saúde bucal. Os dados obtidos foram organizados e tabulados no Microsoft Excel 2013. Resultado Na distribuição por gênero, verificou-se 70% do gênero masculino (mais prevalente) e 30% do feminino. Quanto à faixa etária, a idade predominante foi 8 anos. A maioria dos pacientes (60%) era do interior do Amazonas e 40% eram da capital. No que diz respeito à patologia, a Doença Neurológica teve prevalência em 44% dos casos, seguida das seguintes patologias: Síndrome de Down 18%, Transtorno de Espectro Autista 12%, Mielomeningocele 12%, Surdez 3%, Diabetes 3%, Síndrome de Prader Willi 3%, Síndrome Moebius 3% e Síndrome de Lennox 3%. Na condição bucal, 44% da amostra teve condição precária, 32% deficiente e 24% satisfatória. Conclusão A maioria das crianças era do gênero masculino, faixa etária de 8 anos, procedentes do interior do Amazonas, com deficiência neurológica e condição bucal precária, sugerindo que a presença do cirurgião-dentista, compondo a equipe multidisciplinar hospitalar, auxilia a traçar um plano de tratamento preventivo e curativo adequado a esses indivíduos.


Abstract Introduction Disabled people is anybody that has physical, intellectual, social or emotional alteration. They can have impediments that last for a short period of time or for the entire life. Objective Describe the clinical profile of disabled patients admitted to Instituto de Saúde da Criança do Amazonas (ICAM). Material and method Thirty-four patients were analyzed, data such as gender, age, origin, basis pathology and oral health condition were collected. The data obtained were organized and tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2013. Result There was a prevalence of males with 70% and 30% females. The age group had a predominance of 8 years. Most of the patients 60% were from Amazonas inland cities and 40% from the capital. Regarding to the pathology, Neurological Disease was prevalent in 44% of the cases, followed by the following: Down Syndrome 18%, Autistic Spectrum Disorder 12%, Myelomeningocele 12%, Deafness 3%, Diabetes 3%, Prader Willi Syndrome 3%, Moebius Syndrome 3% and Lenox Syndrome 3%. Concerning to oral condition, 44% showed a poor oral condition, 32% deficient and 24% satisfactory. Conclusion Most of the children were male, 8 years old, from Amazonas inland cities, with neurological deficiency and poor oral condition, suggesting that the presence of the dental surgeon composing the multidisciplinary hospital team helps to outline a preventive and curative treatment plan suitable for these individuals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Health Profile , Oral Health , Disabled Persons , Hospitalization , Oral Hygiene , Down Syndrome , Autism Spectrum Disorder
5.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol. (Online) ; 23(3): e200193, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156040

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Identificar preditores do conhecimento inadequado sobre medicamentos prescritos a pacientes ambulatoriais muito idosos e seus cuidadores. Método O conhecimento sobre os medicamentos prescritos para 80 pacientes com 80 anos ou mais de idade foi avaliado por meio de um questionário validado, em uma entrevista realizada com os pacientes ou seus cuidadores (quando os pacientes apresentavam dificuldades de comunicação, demência ou qualquer necessidade de assistência para ajudá-los a usar medicamentos). Dois modelos de regressão logística hierárquica avaliaram a associação entre conhecimento inadequado sobre medicamentos e variáveis ​​sociodemográficas e medicamentosas. Resultados Trinta e nove (48,8%) entrevistados eram cuidadores. Conhecimento inadequado foi encontrado em 81,5% (404/496) dos medicamentos prescritos. Forma de administração, Dose, Frequência e Duração do Tratamento foram os aspectos de maior conhecimento, enquanto Reações Adversas, Precauções, Interações e Contraindicações, os de menor. No primeiro modelo, o conhecimento inadequado foi associado à escolaridade do ensino fundamental completo ao médio incompleto (Razão de Chances (RC):0,12; p=0,018), do médio ao superior incompleto (RC:0,12; p<0,001), superior completo (RC:0,13; p<0,001), agentes que atuam no sistema renina-angiotensina (SRA) (RC:0,30; p=0,001), diuréticos (RC:0,31; p=0,013) e antitrombóticos (RC:12,59; p=0,027). No segundo modelo, os preditores foram cuidadores (RC:0,17; p<0,001), agentes que atuam no SRA (RC:0,33; p=0,002), diuréticos (RC:0,35; p=0,024) e antitrombóticos (RC:12,57; p=0,026). Conclusão A maioria dos medicamentos prescritos para pessoas muito idosas é pouco conhecida. Além disso, o aconselhamento acerca de informações sobre medicamentos deve ser mais intensivo para os pacientes do que para seus cuidadores, com foco em informações de segurança e ser direcionado a antitrombóticos.


Abstract Objective Identify predictors of inadequate knowledge about the medication prescribed to very old outpatients and their caregivers. Method The knowledge on the medication prescribed for 80 patients aged 80 years and over was assessed using a validated questionnaire to interview patients or their caregivers (when patients had communication difficulties, dementia, or any need for care to help them take the medication). Two hierarchical logistic regression models assessed the association between inadequate knowledge of the medication and sociodemographic and drug variables. Results Thirty-nine (48.8%) respondents were caregivers. Inadequate knowledge was found in 81.5% (404/496) of medication prescribed. Route of Administration, Dose, Frequency, and Duration of Treatment were the aspects of greatest knowledge, whereas Adverse Effects, Precautions, Interactions, and Contraindications were the least known ones. In the first model, inadequate knowledge was associated to the level of education from complete elementary school to incomplete high school (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.12; p=0.018), from high school to incomplete higher education (OR: 0.12; p<0.001), complete higher education (OR: 0.13; p<0.001), agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (OR: 0.30; p=0.001), diuretics (OR: 0.31; p=0.013) and antithrombotic (OR: 12.59; p=0.027). In the second model, the predictors were caregivers (OR: 0.17; p<0.001), agents working in the RAS (OR: 0.33; p=0.002), diuretics (OR: 0.35; p=0.024) and antithrombotic (OR: 12.57; p=0.026). Conclusion Most of the medication prescribed for very old people is not very well known. Also, advice on drug information should be more intensive to patients than to their caregivers, with a focus on safety information and targeted at antithrombotics.

6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(10): 3947-3956, Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039492

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aims to compare the differences between clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) of the Ministry of Health (MoH) and those of other Brazilian health institutions. A systematic review of Brazilian CPGs was carried out. CPGs with recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of non-communicable disease (NCDs) were included. CPG methodological quality and transparency was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the AGREE II. CPGs were rated as high, moderate, and low quality (ranging from A to C). Twenty-six CPGs were assessed for quality. MoH CPGs were published more recently, and were of better quality than the others: 6/6 (100%) were rated as Moderate-A. Although CPGs presented a wide range of methodological quality and transparency, MoH CPGs presented better consistency in the preparation method. To avoid confusion and to improve the quality of care within finite resources in Brazil, and to avoid potential bias, conflicts of interest, national CPGs used within SUS should be developed by Conitec with partners who have no conflict of interest.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é comparar as diferenças entre as guias de prática clínica (GPCs) do Ministério da Saúde (MS) e as de outras instituições de saúde brasileiras. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática das GPCs brasileiras. Foram incluídas GPCs com recomendações para o tratamento farmacológico de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis elencadas (DCNTs). A qualidade metodológica e a transparência das GPCs foram avaliadas de forma independente por 2 revisores utilizando o AGREE II. As GPCs foram classificadas como alta, moderada e baixa qualidade (variando de A a C). Vinte e seis GPCs foram avaliadas quanto à qualidade. As GPCs do MS foram publicadas mais recentemente, e apresentaram melhor qualidade do que as outras: 6/6 (100%) foram classificadas como Moderada-A. Embora as GPCs tenham apresentado uma ampla gama de qualidade metodológica e transparência, as GPCs do MS apresentaram melhor consistência no desenvolvimento. Para evitar confusão e melhorar a qualidade do cuidado com os recursos limitados no Brasil e, para evitar viés, conflitos de interesse, GPCs nacionais usadas no SUS devem ser desenvolvidas, sobretudo, pela Conitec e parceiros sem conflitos de interesse.


Subject(s)
Practice Guidelines as Topic , Delivery of Health Care/standards , Noncommunicable Diseases/drug therapy , Quality of Health Care , Brazil , National Health Programs/organization & administration
7.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(9): 3539-3550, set. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019673

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este trabalho adaptou transculturalmente o questionário espanhol "Conocimiento del Paciente sobre sus Medicamentos" (CPM-ES-ES) para uso no Brasil. Ele mede o grau de conhecimento sobre medicamentos por meio de 11 perguntas. Oitenta pacientes ≥ 80 anos foram investigados e com 39 também foi entrevistado o cuidador. A avaliação das equivalências conceitual e de item considerou o conceito de conhecimento e as perguntas que o medem como pertinentes. A equivalência semântica foi obtida pela correspondência de significado denotativo e conotativo dos itens. O estudo da equivalência de mensuração incluiu análise fatorial e o cálculo de estimativas de validade e confiabilidade. Semelhante ao questionário original, a análise de componentes principais identificou 4 componentes, porém, em 2 deles houve diferenças nos itens incluídos. Uma pergunta foi removida desta análise devido à sua inadequação amostral. O conhecimento sobre medicamentos esteve correlacionado à complexidade da prescrição r = -0,22, p = 0,046. O conhecimento sobre anti-hipertensivos esteve correlacionado à sua adesão r = 0,70, p < 0,001, e ao controle da pressão arterial rb = 0,46, p = 0,029. A versão adaptada apresentou equivalência funcional de modo que pode ser usada no contexto brasileiro.


Abstract This work cross-culturally adapted the Spanish questionnaire `Patients' knowledge about their medications ("Conocimiento del Paciente sobre sus Medicamentos" - CPM-ES-ES) for use in Brazil. It measures the level of medication knowledge by means of 11 questions. Eighty patients ≥ 80 years were investigated and in 39 cases the caregivers were interviewed. The evaluation of conceptual and item equivalences considered the concept of knowledge and the questions that assess it as pertinent. Semantic equivalence was obtained by the correspondence in the denotative and connotative meaning of items. The study of measurement equivalence included factorial analysis and the calculation of validity and reliability estimates. As with the original questionnaire, principal component analysis identified 4 components, however, in 2 of them there were differences regarding included items. One question was removed from this analysis due to its sample inadequacy. Medication knowledge was correlated with medication regimen complexity r = -.22, p = .046. Medication knowledge of antihypertensives was correlated with their adherence r = .70, p < .001, and blood pressure control rb = .46, p = .029. The adapted version revealed functional equivalence, therefore it can be used in the Brazilian context.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Surveys and Questionnaires , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Patient Medication Knowledge/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Reproducibility of Results , Principal Component Analysis , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage
8.
Arq. odontol ; 55: 1-9, jan.-dez. 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1051704

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a condição bucal e o conhecimento a respeito da importância do atendimento odontológico de indivíduos com doença renal crônica (DRC) em tratamento hemodialítico. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo, com avaliação de 50 pacientes, em atendimento no Serviço de Hemodiálise da Fundação Hospital Adriano Jorge na cidade de Manaus-AM. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, saúde geral, higiene bucal, autopercepção dos problemas bucais. Um único examinador calibrado realizou o exame clínico intrabucal. Os resultados quantitativos e qualitativos foram dispostos em tabelas e gráficos, utilizando Excel®, Word®. O programa Excel foi utilizado para formar um banco de dados que foram analisados e transformados em gráficos ou tabelas para demonstrar os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino (62%). Houve o predomínio da hipertensão arterial (54%) como doença sistêmica de base. Em relação à autopercepção dos problemas bucais, a xerostomia teve maior frequência (56 %). A maioria dos pacientes realizava três escovações diárias (46%) e não utilizavam fio dental (58%). Dentre as manifestações bucais, (66%) apresentou palidez na mucosa, seguido de recessão gengival (54%). Houve relato de (94%) dos participantes de não terem recebido informações sobre escovação, como evitar cárie dentária e cuidados de higiene bucal. Nestes pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise, notou-se deficiência nos hábitos de higiene bucal. Conclusão: A motivação e orientação dos cuidados odontológicos devem ser enfatizadas pelo dentista a fim de melhorar a saúde bucal e consequentemente a saúde sistêmica. (AU)


Aim: To evaluate the oral condition and knowledge about the importance of the dental care of individuals with CKD who are undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Methods: This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study, evaluating 50 patients undergoing hemodialysis at Adriano Jorge Hospital Foundation in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Data was collected for socioeconomic status, oral hygiene, and self-awareness of oral problems. A single calibrated examiner performed the intraoral clinical examination. The quantitative and qualitative results were arranged in tables and graphs, using the programs Excel® and Word®. Excel was used to form a database that was analyzed and transformed into graphs or tables to demonstrate the results of the exam through this research. Results: Most participants were male (62%). There was a predominance of systemic arterial hypertension in 54% of the patients, which proved to be the base systemic disease. In relation to the self-awareness of oral problems, participants most frequently reported dry mouth (56%). Most patients brushed their teeth about three times daily (46%) and did not use dental floss (58%). Among the oral manifestations, 66% presented pallor in the mucosa, followed by gingival recession (54%). One report claimed that 94% of the participants did not receive information about brushing, how to avoid dental caries, nor oral hygiene. In these CKD patients who were undergoing hemodialysis, a deficiency in oral hygiene habits was noted. Conclusion: The motivation and advice about dental care should be emphasized by the dentist in order to improve the oral health, and consequently the systemic health, of the patient. (AU)


Subject(s)
Oral Hygiene , Patients , Oral Health , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Kidney Diseases , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
9.
Rev. cient. Esc. Estadual Saúde Pública Goiás "Cândida Santiago" ; 4(3): 171-182, 18 mar. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | ColecionaSUS, SES-GO, CONASS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1103385

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: verificar a freqüência de alterações sugestivas de Câncer do Colo do Útero, de agosto de 2013 até agosto 2014, através da avaliação dos resultados dos exames de Papanicolau, registrados nos livros de acompanhamento de mulheres no controle do Câncer do Colo do Útero, realizados em mulheres a partir da adolescência até a senescência. Casuística e Métodos: estudo transversal realizado a partir de dados coletados na Estratégia Saúde da Família Vila Mutirão, pertencente à Região Noroeste da Cidade de Goiânia ­ Goiás ­Brasil. Resultados: Dentre os dados analisados das 747 pacientes, 644 (86,21%) não apresentaram indícios ou constatações de Câncer do Colo do Útero, 70 (9,38%) não apresentaram dados. Ainda, 33 (4,4) apresentaram algum tipo de lesão sugestiva pré-cancerígena, pré-cancerígena propriamente dita ou cancerígena, sendo que destas, 18 (2,40%) evidenciaram lesão sugestiva pré-cancerígena, 15 (2,00%) lesão pré-cancerígena, nenhuma (0%) apresentou lesões cancerígenas. Conclusão: neste estudo avaliou-se a frequência de alterações, sendo mínima a prevalência de lesões precursoras ou sugestivas de câncer do colo do útero. Verificaram-se também associações semelhantes sobre os fatores de risco relacionados ao câncer do colo do útero (idade e escolaridade)


Objective: To verify the frequency of changes suggestive of cervical cancer, from August 2013 to August 2014, by evaluating the results of the Pap smears, recorded in the books accompanying women in the control of cervical cancer, performed in women - from adolescence to senescence. Methods: a cross - sectional study based on data collected in the Vila Mutirão Family Health Strategy, belonging to the Northwest Region of the City of Goiânia - Goiás - Brazil. Results: Among the 747 patients analyzed, 644 (86.21%) had no evidence or findings of cervical cancer, 70 (9.38%) did not present data. Still, 33 (4,4) presented some pre-cancerous, pre-cancerous or carcinogenic suggestive lesion, of which 18 (2.40%) showed suggestive precancerous lesion, 15 (2.00%) precancerous lesion, none (0%) presented carcinogenic lesions. Conclusion: this study evaluated the frequency of alterations, with minimal prevalence of cervical or cervical cancer precursor lesions. Similar associations were also found on risk factors related to cervical cancer (age and schooling)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Papanicolaou Test , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies
10.
Espaç. saúde (Online) ; 19(1): 9-20, ago. 2018. graf ilust tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-967407

ABSTRACT

A integração entre os cursos da área da saúde possibilita um aprendizado conjunto das temáticas em comum e das que podem se complementar permitindo o trabalho em equipe. Objetivou-se identificar as diversas formas de integração aplicadas pelos docentes dos cursos de enfermagem e medicina, comparando as estratégias de integração utilizadas com a literatura publicada na área. A pesquisa foi transversal, descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa. Os participantes foram os coordenadores dos cursos de medicina e enfermagem, atuantes em IES localizadas no Estado do Paraná. Os dados coletados revelaram que há iniciativa isoladas e extracurriculares nas IES, quanto à promoção de temáticas comuns entre os cursos. Considera-se pelos resultados obtidos que a integração entre os cursos pesquisados contínua sendo desafiadora e necessária, pois é desta forma que se torna possível.


Subject(s)
Scientific and Technical Activities
11.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 54(1): e17355, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951913

ABSTRACT

Abstract Falls are the second leading cause of accidental and unintentional injury deaths worldwide. Inpatient falls in hospital settings are likely to prolong the length of stay of patients in nearly 6.3 days, leading to increased hospitalization costs. The causes of fall incidents in healthcare facilities are multifactorial in nature and certain medications use could be associated with these incidents. This review seeks to critically evaluate the available literature regarding the relationship between inpatient falls and medication use. A comprehensive search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE and Lilacs with no time restriction. The search was filtered using English, Spanish or Portuguese languages. Our study evaluated medication use and inpatients falls that effectively happen, considering all ages and populations. An assessment of bias and quality of the studies was carried out using an adapted tool from the literature. The drugs were classified according to the Anatomic Therapeutics Chemical Code. The search strategy retrieved 563 records, among which 23 met the eligibility criteria; ninety three different pharmacological subgroups were associated with fall incidents. Our critical review suggests that the use of central nervous system drugs (including anxiolytics; hypnotics and sedatives; antipsychotics; opioids; antiepileptics and antidepressants) has a greater likelihood of causing inpatient falls. A weak relationship was found between other pharmacological subgroups, such as diuretics, cardiovascular system-related medications, and inpatient fall. Remarkably, several problems of quality were encountered with regard to the eligible studies. Among such quality problems included retrospective design, the grouping of more than one medication in the same statistical analysis, limited external validity, problems related to medication classifications and description of potential confounders.


Subject(s)
Accidental Falls/prevention & control , Central Nervous System Agents/pharmacology , Inpatients/classification , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Risk Assessment , Health Services/statistics & numerical data
12.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(10): 842-855, Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-896303

ABSTRACT

Summary Warfarin stands as the most prescribed oral anticoagulant. New oral anticoagulants have been approved recently; however, their use is limited and the reversibility techniques of the anticoagulation effect are little known. Thus, our study's purpose was to develop algorithms for therapeutic monitoring of patients taking warfarin based on the opinion of physicians who prescribe this medicine in their clinical practice. The development of the algorithm was performed in two stages, namely: (i) literature review and (ii) algorithm evaluation by physicians using a Delphi Method. Based on the articles analyzed, two algorithms were developed: "Recommendations for the use of warfarin in anticoagulation therapy" and "Recommendations for the use of warfarin in anticoagulation therapy: dose adjustment and bleeding control." Later, these algorithms were analyzed by 19 medical doctors that responded to the invitation and agreed to participate in the study. Of these, 16 responded to the first round, 11 to the second and eight to the third round. A 70% consensus or higher was reached for most issues and at least 50% for six questions. We were able to develop algorithms to monitor the use of warfarin by physicians using a Delphi Method. The proposed method is inexpensive and involves the participation of specialists, and it has proved adequate for the intended purpose. Further studies are needed to validate these algorithms, enabling them to be used in clinical practice.


Resumo A varfarina é o anticoagulante oral mais prescrito. Novos anticoagulantes orais foram recentemente aprovados; porém, o uso é restrito e as técnicas de reversibilidade do efeito anticoagulante ainda são pouco conhecidas. Assim, este estudo propõe o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo para o monitoramento terapêutico de pacientes em uso de varfarina, com base na opinião de médicos que utilizam esse fármaco na prática clínica. O desenvolvimento do algoritmo foi realizado em dois estágios: (i) revisão da literatura e (ii) avaliação do algoritmo por médicos, segundo o método Delphi. Com base na análise dos artigos, dois algoritmos foram desenvolvidos: "Recomendações para o uso de varfarina na terapia anticoagulante" e "Recomendações para o uso de varfarina na terapia anticoagulante: ajuste de dose e controle de sangramento". Posteriormente, os algoritmos foram analisados por 19 médicos que responderam ao convite e aceitaram participar da pesquisa. Desses, 16 responderam a primeira rodada, 11, a segunda e oito, a terceira. Houve um consenso de 70% ou mais na maioria das questões e 50% para seis questões. Assim, foi possível desenvolver algoritmos para o monitoramento do uso de varfarina por médicos, utilizando o método Delphi. O método proposto é de baixo custo e envolve a participação de médicos especialistas, revelando-se adequado para o fim pretendido. Mais estudos são necessários para validar esses algoritmos, permitindo que eles sejam usados na prática clínica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Warfarin/administration & dosage , Algorithms , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data , Delphi Technique , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data , Medication Therapy Management , Middle Aged
13.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(1): 261-268, jan. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-839920

ABSTRACT

Resumo São escassos artigos científicos brasileiros que discutam a importância do trabalho do técnico em farmácia em assistência direta ao paciente. Este trabalho descreve uma experiência de capacitação de técnicos de farmácia para dispensação de medicamentos. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado na atenção primária à saúde. Os técnicos foram capacitados pelo farmacêutico a orientar os pacientes no momento da dispensação e para triar casos que necessitavam atendimento farmacêutico. A identificação dos problemas foi feita por meio da observação da prescrição, data de retorno para dispensação ou do questionamento direto ao paciente. Foram elaborados fluxos de identificação de problemas e de intervenção, após os quais os técnicos identificaram 3.944 problemas, sendo os mais comuns: uso de medicamento em quantidade inferior à prescrita (26%) e não adesão ao tratamento farmacológico (25%). Os resultados demonstram a importância da capacitação dos técnicos na dispensação de medicamentos, fazendo deles um aliado do farmacêutico no processo de identificação e resolução de problemas relacionados a medicamentos, além de torná-los membros ativos do processo de cuidado no sistema de saúde pública.


Abstract Few Brazilian articles discuss the importance of pharmacy technicians who offer direct assistance to patients. This paper describes an experience of the training of pharmacy technicians in drug dispensing. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the primary healthcare setting. The technicians were trained by the pharmacist to advise patients at the time of drug dispensing and to screen cases that needed pharmaceutical consultation. Problems were identified by verifying the prescription and return date for dispensing the medication as well as through direct questioning of the patients. Flowcharts for problem identification and intervention were created for use by the technicians. After training, pharmacy technicians identified 3944 problems, the most common of which were the use of a lower dosage than that prescribed (26%) and non-adherence to pharmacological treatment. The findings of the present study demonstrate the importance of training pharmacy technicians with regard to dispensing drugs so that they can assist pharmacists in the process of identifying and solving drug-related problems, thereby making them active members of the care process in the public health system.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmacists/organization & administration , Pharmacy Technicians/education , Pharmaceutical Services/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Pharmacy Technicians/organization & administration , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Professional Role
14.
RECIIS (Online) ; 11(1): 1-9, jan.-mar. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-835251

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo é relatado o processo de desenvolvimento de sítio sobre medicamentos no SUS. Para a escolha dos temas a serem inseridos no sítio, primeiramente foram elencadas as dificuldades de entendimento quanto a Assistência Farmacêutica apresentada pelos profissionais de saúde e usuários do SUS. Em seguida, estes problemas foram discutidos com farmacêuticos especialistas para delimitação dos tópicos e conteúdo para criação das páginas no sítio. Os tópicos incluídos estão divididos em 2 grandes temas: informações sobre a Assistência Farmacêutica no SUS e orientações para a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos. O processo de desenvolvimento do sítio pode servir como exemplo para outros programas de residência, contribuindo para realização de trabalhos de conclusão de residência que disseminem informações relevantes para o usuário do SUS (profissional de saúde ou paciente) na internet e favoreçam a integração entre serviço, ensino, pesquisa e comunidade.


The aim of this study was to report the process of a website creation that disseminates information on SUSdrugs. First, topics for the website were selected based on problems in understanding the Pharmaceutical Service presented by healthcare providers and patients. Then these problems were discussed with pharmaceutical specialists to determine the topics and content to be included on the website. The topics were divided into two mains themes: information on the Pharmaceutical Service in SUS, and guidelines to promote the rational use of medicines. The website development report may serve as an example for other residency programs, and may contribute to the development of other residency theses that disseminate relevant information to patients and healthcare providers, promoting the integration of service, teaching,research and community.


El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el proceso de creación de un sitio web que difunde información sobre las drogas SUS. En primer lugar, fueron seleccionados los temas para el sitio basado en problemas en la comprensión del Servicios Farmacéuticos presentado por los profesionales sanitarios y los pacientes. Entonces estos problemas se discutieron con especialistas farmacéuticos para delimitación de los temas y el contenido para crear las páginas en el sitio. Los temas fueron divididos en dos principales temas: información sobre el Servicios Farmacéuticos en el SUS, y directrices para promover el uso racional de los medicamentos. El proceso de desarrollo del sitio puede servir de ejemplo para otros programas de residencia, y puede contribuir al desarrollo de otras tesis de residencia que difunden información relevante para los pacientes y los profesionales de la salud, la promoción de la integración de los servicios, la enseñanza, la investigación y la comunidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Services/organization & administration , Drug Information Services , Information Dissemination , Unified Health System , Health Communication , Health Promotion , Internet
15.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 53(4): e00199, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889415

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Statins are the most prescribed lowering-cholesterol drugs. They are well tolerated, however, some patients present muscular adverse symptoms. Clinical and laboratory data from 120 dyslipidemic patients prescribed with statins were obtained from January to December/2013 at a University Hospital in Sao Paulo city, Brazil, to study factors associated with statin-related adverse muscular events (AME). Pharmacotherapy and statin-related AME data (serum CK elevation and any degree of myopathy, myalgia, myositis or rhabdomyolysis) of the dyslipidemic patients were recorded. The study was approved by local Ethics Committees. Simvastatin (70%) and atorvastatin (25%) were the most prescribed statins. AME related to statin treatment were found in 17% of the patients. Mean age and use of simvastatin were lower in AME group than non-AME group (p<0.05). Simvastatin users were less likely to develop AME than atorvastatin users (OR=0.21; 95%CI=0.07-0.57; p<0.01). The use of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) efflux pump inhibitors was associated with high risk for AME (OR=5.26; 95%CI=1.55-17.79; p<0.01). Serum liver enzymes were increased up to three-fold in 2.5% of the statin-treated patients. The results are suggestive that the type of statin prescribed and the concomitant use of ABCB1 inhibitors increase the susceptibility to adverse muscular events during statin therapy in dyslipidemic outpatients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Outpatients/statistics & numerical data , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/analysis , Dyslipidemias/complications , Muscular Diseases , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Risk Factors , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects
16.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 52(3): 391-401, July-Sept. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828266

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The purpose of the work was to assess the incidence of potential drug interactions (pDDI), major pDDI, and the use of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) at hospital admission, during hospitalization, and at discharge to evaluate whether hospital admission provides an opportunity for improving pharmacotherapy in elderly patients at a University hospital that has a clinical pharmacist. A prospective cohort study was carried out using data from the medical records of patients admitted to an internal medicine ward. All admissions and prescriptions were monitored between March and August 2006. Micromedex(r) DrugReax(r) and Beers Criteria 2015 were used to identify pDDI, major pDDI, and PIMs, respectively. A comparison of admission and discharge prescriptions showed the following: an increase in the proportion of patients using antithrombotic agents (76 versus 144; p<0.001), lipid modifying agents (58 versus 81; p=0.024), drugs for acid-related disorders (99 versus 152; p<0.001), and particularly omeprazole (61 versus 87; p=0.015); a decrease in the number of patients prescribed psycholeptics (73 versus 32; p<0.001) and diazepam (54 versus 13; p<0.001); and a decrease in the proportion of patients exposed to polypharmacy (16.1% versus 10.1%; p=0.025), at least one pDDI (44.5% versus 32.8%; p=0.002), major pDDI (19.9% versus 12.2%; p=0.010) or PIM (85.8% versus 51.9%; p<0.001). The conclusion is that admission to a hospital ward that has a clinical pharmacist was associated with a reduction in the number of patients exposed to polypharmacy, pDDI, major pDDI, and the use of PIMs among elderly inpatients.


Subject(s)
Admitting Department, Hospital/classification , Drug Therapy , Inpatients , Drug Prescriptions , Health Services , Hospitals
17.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 19(4): 209-214, out.-dez. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-833165

ABSTRACT

O consumo de ostras na forma in natura exige muito cuidado e práticas higiênicas e sanitárias corretas pelos marisqueiros e demais manipuladores desse alimento durante o processo de beneficiamento à comercialização, para que não haja contaminação por microrganismos patogênicos e deteriorantes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil socioeconômico de marisqueiros e as condições higiênicas e sanitárias praticadas na cadeia produtiva de ostras do gênero Crassostrea desde a extração até a comercialização. No período de janeiro a abril de 2014, por meio da técnica de amostragem "Bola de Neve" foram selecionados 40 marisqueiros na Ilha de São Luís - MA, os quais foram entrevistados utilizando-se questionário semiestruturado. De acordo com os resultados, a maioria dos marisqueiros, possui ensino fundamental incompleto, faixa etária entre 21 e 30 anos e encontram-se em união estável ou casados. Parte das ostras são extraídas em bancos naturais na área de estudo, enquanto outra parte é proveniente de atravessadores oriundos de outros municípios maranhenses.Após a aquisição, pode demorar até três dias para serem comercializadas. Concluiu-se que as condições higiênicos sanitárias adotadas na atividade de extração de ostras até a comercialização são insatisfatórias, indicando falta de boas práticas em todas as etapas ao longo do processo de produção, o que pode representar riscos à saúde da população apreciadora do consumo in natura desse bivalve. Além disso, indica a necessidade de fiscalização dessa atividade, já que os organismos são transportados de forma inadequada e passam muito tempo até chegar ao consumidor final.


Consumption of fresh oysters requires very careful and correct hygienic and sanitary practices by shellfish collectors and other food handlers during the handling process to marketing, in order to avoid contamination by pathogenic microorganisms or deterioration. This study aimed to evaluate the socio-economic profile of shellfish collectors and the hygienic conditions applied in the production chain of Crassostrea oysters from extraction to marketing. In the period from January to April 2014, through a snowball sampling technique, a total of 40 shellfish collector were selected in Ilha de São Luís ­ MA. These collectors were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. According to the results, most shellfish collector had not completed elementary school, aged between 21 and 30 years and married or co-habiting. Part of the oysters is extracted from natural stocks in the study area, while other oysters come from middlemen who bring them from other cities in Maranhão. After acquisition, they can take up to three days to be marketed. Therefore, it was concluded that although it is an important source of income, hygienic and sanitary conditions adopted in the oyster extraction activity are unsatisfactory, indicating a lack of good practices throughout the production process, which can pose risks to the population who consume this bivalve fresh. It also shows the need for supervision of the activity, since the organisms are improperly transported, spending much time until reaching the end consumer.


El consumo de ostras en la forma fresca, in natura, requiere gran cuidado y prácticas higiénicas sanitarias correctas por los marisqueros y otros manipuladores de ese alimento durante el proceso de beneficiación a la comercialización, para que no haya contaminación por microorganismos patógenos y de deterioración. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el perfil socioeconómico de marisqueros y las condiciones higiénicas sanitarias practicadas en la cadena productiva de ostras del género Crassostrea, desde la extracción hasta la comercialización. En el período de enero a abril de 2014, a través de la técnica de muestreo "Bola de Nieve" se seleccionaron 40 marisqueros en la Isla de São Luís - MA, que fueron entrevistados mediante cuestionario semiestructurado. De acuerdo con los resultados, la mayoría de los marisqueros tiene enseñanza primaria incompleta, con edades comprendidas entre 21 y 30 años y se encuentran en unión estable o casados. Parte de las ostras son extraídas en bancos naturales en el área del estudio, mientras otra parte proviene de los intermediarios de otros municipios de Maranhão. Después de la adquisición, puede tardar hasta tres días para que sean comercializadas. Se concluye que las condiciones higiénicas sanitarias adoptadas en la actividad de extracción de ostras hasta la comercialización son insatisfactorias, indicando falta de buenas prácticas en todo el proceso de producción, lo que puede plantear riesgos a la salud de la población aficionada al consumo in natura de ese bivalvo. Además, indica la necesidad de supervisar esta actividad, ya que los organismos son transportados inadecuadamente y pasan mucho tiempo para llegar al consumidor final.


Subject(s)
Fishing Industry , Food Supply/economics , Food Supply , Food Supply/statistics & numerical data , Ostreidae , Socioeconomic Factors
18.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-964153

ABSTRACT

To describe patients and multidisciplinary teams demands for pharmaceutical care in a basic health unit. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study which was conducted in a health unit of São Paulo, from January 2011 to July 2012. All referral patients to pharmaceutical care were accounted. Referrals were classifed according to the source, the main rational and patients demand. A total of 1,164 patients were referred to pharmaceutical care, 88% of which were referred by pharmacy technicians. The most frequent reason (25.9%) was the request to participate in health education groups and rational use of medicines. Among them, 79.9% of patients were referred for noncompliance to treatment of chronic diseases. Health professionals demand the pharmacist assistance beyond the access to medication issues such as drug conciliation, non-adherence issues.(AU)


Descrever as demandas dos pacientes e da equipe multiprofssional por atenção farmacêutica. Estudo descritivo e transversal dos registros de encaminhamentos para atendimento farmacêutico em uma farmácia da atenção primária, entre janeiro de 2011 e julho de 2012. Todos os encaminhamentos para atenção farmacêutica foram incluídos no estudo. Foram encaminhados 1.164 pacientes para atendimento farmacêutico, sendo que 88% destes encaminhamentos foram realizados por técnicos de farmácia. O motivo mais frequente (25,9%) de encaminhamento foi a solicitação para participação em grupos de educação em saúde e sobre o uso racional de medicamentos. Destes, 79,9% pacientes foram encaminhados por não adesão ao tratamento de doenças crônicas. Profssionais da saúde demandam a atuação do farmacêutico além das questões relacionadas ao acesso do medicamento, como conciliação medicamentosa e pacientes com falta de adesão ao tratamento.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pharmaceutical Services , Primary Health Care , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Pharmacists/supply & distribution , Health Centers
19.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 36(3): 435-444, 01/07/2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-2572

ABSTRACT

This study proposes to measure frequency and to characterize the profile of potential drug interactions (pDDI) in a general medicine ward of a teaching hospital. Data about identification and clinical status of patients were extracted from medical records between March to August 2006. The occurrence of pDDI was analyzed using the database monographs Micromedex® DrugReax® System. From 5,336 prescriptions with two or more drugs, 3,097 (58.0%) contained pDDI. The frequency of major and well document pDDI was 26.5%. Among 647 patients, 432 (66.8%) were exposed to at least one pDDI and 283 (43.7%) to major pDDI. The multivariate analysis identified that factors related to higher rates of major pDDI were the same age (p< 0.0001), length of stay (p< 0.0001), prevalence of hypertension [OR=3.42 (p< 0.0001)] and diabetes mellitus [OR=2.1 (p< 0.0001)], cardiovascular diseases (p< 0.0001) and the number of prescribed drugs (Spearman's correlation=0.640622, p< 0.0001). Between major pDDI, the main risk was hemorrhage (50.3%), the most frequent major pDDI involved combination of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs. Among moderate pDDI, 3,866 (90.8%) involved medicines for the treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases, mainly hypertension. In HU-USP, the profile of pDDI was similar among adults and elderly (the most frequent pDDI and major pDDI were same), the difference was only the frequency in either group. The efforts of the clinical pharmacists should be directed to elderly patients with cardiovascular compromise, mainly in use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs. Furthermore, hospital managers should increase the integration between levels of health care to promote safety patient after discharge.


O estudo tem por objetivo descrever o perfil de interações medicamentosas potenciais (IMP) na clínica médica de um hospital escola. Dados sobre a identificação e estado clínico dos pacientes foram extraídos de prontuários médicos, entre março e agosto de 2006. A ocorrência de IMP foi analisada empregando-se o banco de monografias Micromedex DrugReax® System. Das 5.336 prescrições, 3.097 (58,0%) continham IMP. A frequência de IMP graves e bem documentadas foi de 26,5%. Entre os 647 pacientes, 432 (66,8%) foram expostos a pelo menos uma IMP e 283 (43,7%) uma IMP grave. A análise multivariada identificou que os fatores relacionados a maiores taxas de IMP e IMP graves foram os mesmos: idade (p< 0,0001), tempo de internação (p< 0,0001), prevalência de hipertensão [OR=3,42 (p< 0,0001)] e diabetes mellitus [OR=2,1 (p< 0,0001)] , doenças cardiovasculares (p< 0,0001) e o número de medicamentos prescritos (correlação de Spearman =0,640622, p< 0,0001). Entre as IMP graves, o principal risco foi hemorragia (50,3%) e as IMP graves mais frequentes envolviam a combinação de anticoagulantes e agentes antiplaquetários. Entre as IMP de gravidade moderada, 3.866 (90,8%) envolviam medicamentos para o tratamento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, particularmente hipertensão. No HU-USP, o perfil de IMP foi similar entre adultos e idosos (as IMP e IMP graves mais frequentes foram as mesmas), a diferença estava apenas na diferença na frequência em cada um dos grupos. Os esforços dos farmacêuticos clínicos deveriam ser direcionados aos pacientes idosos, com comprometimento cardiovascular, principalmente aqueles em uso de anticoagulantes e fármacos antiplaquetários. Além disso, deve-se aumentar a integração entre os níveis do cuidado a saúde para promover a segurança do paciente após a alta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Drug Interactions , Hospitals, University/statistics & numerical data , Internal Medicine
20.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 23(2): 209-214, 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-693345

ABSTRACT

This study sought to evaluate motor development in children aged 6 to 11 years with learning difficulties and school characteristics of delayed motor development, before and after application of a motor intervention program. The sample consisted of 28 children with a mean age of 107.21 ± 16.56 months, who were evaluated by the Motor Development Scale and received motor intervention for 6 months, followed by reassessment. We observed a statistically significant difference between the average of the motor activity ratios in all areas of the evaluation and reevaluation. Also verified in the evaluation were the concentration ratios of children with motor activity greater than or equal to 80 and there was a revaluation increase in this concentration on re-evaluation, the areas with the greatest increase in concentration and significant differences being: Body Schema, Space and temporal Organization. In the overall evaluation of MDS, most children presented the classification of “low normal”. However, in the reassessment most have evolved into the “average normal”, only 4 of themremaining in the same classification. Therefore, in this study, children with learning disabilities also showed motor deficits and the intervention applied contributed to an increase in the motor ratios with consequent improvement in motor development. Besides psychopedagogical asistance, it is essential to reassess them and if necessary apply the intervention in the motor development of children with learning difficulties.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child , Developmental Disabilities , Learning Disabilities , Motor Activity , Motor Skills , Motor Skills Disorders , Sampling Studies
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL